Özellikleri: Formülünde ve hazırlanmasında vücuda zararlı herhangi bir madde içermeyen XPE3, özellikli Isırgan Bitkilerinin toplanması ve çeşitli işlemlerden geçirilmesi ile hazırlanır.

Etkinlik:
Isırganotunun temel kimyasal içeriğinde; asetofenon, asetilkolin,aglutinin, alkoloidler, astragalin, butiric asit, kafeic asit, karbonik asit, klorojenik asit, klorofil, kolin, kumarik asit, folasin, formik asit, fridelin, histamin, kaemferoller, koproporipirin, lectinler, lecitin, lignanlar, linoleik asit, linolenik ast, neoolilivil, palmitik asit, pantotenik asit, quersetin, quinik asit, scopoletin, serotonin, stesteroller, stigmasterol, suksinik asit, terpenler, violaxanthin, ksantofil bulunur 3

Isırganotunun kuru maddesi %18 protein, %14.5-17 albüminli maddeler, %2.5 yağlı maddeler ihtiva

eder. Tohumlarda % 8-10 civarında sabit yağ bulunur. 1 kg taze bitki 130 mg C vitamini, 730 mg karotin ve oksalat içerir. Yakıcı tüyleri içersinde karınca asidi, asetilkolin, histamin ve formik asit bulunur. Yapraklar; K, vitamin B1, provitamin A, ürtisin glikozidi, sistosterin, sepi maddeleri, ksantofil, külü ise %6.3 demirtrioksit, silisyum, potasyum, kalsiyum içerir 4 . Bitkinin yaprakları 14.4 mg/100 g α-tocopherol, 0.23 mg/100 g riboflavin, 13 mg/100 g demir, 0.95 mg/100 g çinko, 873 mg/100 g kalsiyum, 75 mg/100 g fosfor, ve 532 mg/100 g potasyum içermektedir 5 .

Başlıca Kullanıldığı Rahatsızlıklar :

Birinci yüzyılda Yunan hekimler Dioskorides ve Galen ısırganotu yapraklarının diüretik ve laksatif

özellikte olduğunu ve astım, akciğer iltihabı gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanıldığını rapor

etmişlerdir. Buna benzer olarak ısırganotu hemen her ülkede halk hekimliğinde kullanılmaktadır. Isırganotu yaprakları ve tohumlarının tek başına ya da diğer bitkilerle birlikte diyabet, ekzema, hemoroit, karaciğer iltihaplanması, anemi, romatizma ve prostat kanseri gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir 6,7

Isırgan Otu ülkemizde halk hekimliğinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır 8 :

1. Kanser,
2. Böbrek Rahatsızlığı
3. Solunum Yolları rahatsızlıkları
4. Öksürük ve tedavisi
5. Saç dökülmesini önleme
6. Nefes darlığı
7. Felç
8. Tansiyon
9. Mide ağrısı
10. Romatizma
11. Mantar Enfeksiyonları
12. Kemik erimesi
13. Egzema
14. Kadın hastalıkları
15. Böbrek taşı
16. Hazmı kolaylıştırmak için
17. Şeker hastalığı
18. İdrar söktürücü
19. Müshil olarak
20. Ateş düşürücü
21. Barsak arazitlerini düşürmek için kullanılmıştır.

Endikasyonları:

Isırgan otu:

1. Antinflamatuvar 9,10 ,
2. Antiviral 11 ,
3. Antioksidan 12 ,
4. İmmun sistem stimulatörü 13,14 (Flavanol glikozidleri ile yapmaktadır)
5. Lipid peroksidasyonunu durdurur 15
6. Mutagenez ve karsinogenezi inhibe ettikleri savunulmaktadır 16 (17).
7. Prostat büyümesini %51.4 inhibe ettiği, prostat epitel hücre ve stromal hücrelerin proliferasyonunu açıkça azalttığı gösterilmiştir 17,18
8. Antialerjik 3
9. Kan damarlarını dilate eder 3
10. Hipotansif (Tansiyon düşürücü) 3
11. Diüretik 3
12. Kanama durdurucu 3 etkileri mevcuttur.

• Yapılan bir çalışmada ısırgan otu ekstraktının total antioksidan aktivitesinin, alfa-tokoferol gibi güçlü

antioksidandan bile daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir 19

• Sonuç olarak, ısırgan otunun yapısındaki kimyasal maddelerin, meme kanserinde, artan MDA düzeyini azalttığı ve TAS düzeyini de yükselterek koruyucu etki gösterdiği düşünülmektedir.

Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Hususlar:

*12 yaşın altında kullanılmasını tavsiye etmiyoruz. Ağır böbrek ve kalp yetmezliklerinde kullanılmaması gerekir. Gebelik ve hamilelik ile çocuk emzirenlerde yeterli klinik çalışması mevcut değildir. 21

*Hipertansiyon veya şeker hastalığı olanlar mutlaka doktor kontrolünde kullanmalıdır 21 .

* Eğer kullanım sırasında ateş, disüri (idrar yapmada güçlük) veya idrarda kan görülmesi halinde hemen doktorunuza başvurunuz. 21

*Diüretiklerlerle birlikte kullanılmamalıdır 21

* Antikoagülan kullanan hastalarda dikkatli kullanılmalı K vitamini içeren bir bitki olduğu unutulmamalıdır 21

Referanslar:

1. Gozum S, Tezel A, Koc M. Complementary alternative treatments used by patients with cancer in eastern Turkey Cancer Nurs. 2003; 26: 230–236.
2. Akbay P, Basaran AA, Undeger U, Basaran N. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of flavonoid glycosides from Urtica dioica L. Phytother Res. 2003;17: 34–37.
3. Taylor, L., 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. New York. ISBN: 0-7570-0144-0 www.raintreenutrition.com/ nettles.htmWeber RW. Stinging nettle. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.
4. Koç, H., 2002. Bitkilerle Sağlıklı Yaşama. G.O.P.Üniversitesi. Tokat. Ümit Ofset Basımevi Ankara. 388s.
5. Wetherilt, H., 1989. Isırganotu Yaprak ve Tohumlarının Besleyici Özellikleri ve Antitümörel Etkileri. Doktora tezi. Hacettepe Univ. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü,Ankara
6. Konrad, L., Müler, H.H., Lenz, C., Laubinger, H., Aumüller, G., Lichius, J.J., 2000. Antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells by stinging nettle root ( Urtica dioica ) extract. Planta Medica, 66: 44–47.
7. Leporatti, M.L., Corradi, L., 2001. Ethnopharmacobotanical remarks on the province of Chieti town (Abruzzo, Central Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74: 17–40
8. Şimsek, I., Aytekin, F., Yesilada, E., Yıldırımlı, S., 2004. An ethnobotanical study of the Beypazarı, Ayas, and Gudul district towns of Ankara province (Turkey). Economic Botany, 58: 705-720.
9. Obertreis B, Giller K, Teucher T, Behnke B, Schmitz H.Anti-inflammatory effect of Urtica dioica folia extract in comparison to caffeic malic acid. Arzneimittelforschung.1996; 46: 52–56.
10. Obertreis B, Ruttkowski T, Teucher T, Behnke B, Schmitz H. Ex-vivo in-vitro inhibition of lipopolysaccharidestimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin–1 beta secretion in human whole blood by extractum urticae dioicae foliorum. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996; 46: 389–394.
11. Balzarini J, Neyts J, Schols D, Hosoya M, Van Damme E, Peumans W, De Clercq E. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n- specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res. 1992; 18.191–207.
12. Cetinus E, Kilinc M, Inanc F, Kurutas EB, Buzkan N. The role of urtica dioica (urticaceae) in the prevention of oxidative stress caused by tourniquet application in rats.Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005; 205: 215–221
13. Galelli A, Delcourt M, Wagner MC, Peumans W, Truffa- Bachi P. Selective expansion followed by profound deletionof mature V beta 8,3+ T cells in vivo after exposure to the superantigenic lectin Urtica dioica agglutinin. J Immunol. 1995; 154: 2600–2611
14. Fijalek Z, Soltyk K, Lozak A, Kominek A, Ostapczuk P. Determination of some micro- and macroelements in preparations made from peppermint and nettle leaves. Pharmazie. 2003; 58: 480–482
15. Cetinus E, Kilinc M, Inanc F, Kurutas EB, Buzkan N. The role of urtica dioica (urticaceae) in the prevention of oxidative stress caused by tourniquet application in rats.Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005; 205: 215–221.
16. Gulcin I, Kufrevioglu OI, Oktay M, Buyukokuroglu ME. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90:205–215.
17. Lichius JJ Renneberg H, Blaschek W, Aumuller G, Muth C. The inhibiting effects of components of stinging nettle roots on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Planta Med. 1999, 65: 666–668.
18. Lindemann P, Muller HH, Aumuller G, Konrad L. Antiproliferative effect of a polysaccharide fraction of a 20% methanolic extract of stinging nettle roots upon epithelial cells of the human prostate (LNCaP). Pharmazie. 1999; 54:768–771.
19. Musette P, Galelli A, Chabre H, Callard P, Peumans W, Truffa-Bachi P, Kourilsky P, Gachelin G. Urtica dioica agglutinin, a V beta 8,3-specific superantigen, prevents the development of the systemic lupus erythematosus-like pathology of MRL lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol. 1996; 26:1707–1711.
20. Tello S, Halifeoğlu İ, Bozkurt M, Bulmuş Ö, Meme Kanseri Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Isırgan Otunun Total Antioksidan Durumu Üzerine Etkisi, 2008: 22 (4): 179-83 http://www.fusabil.org
21. COMMUNITY HERBAL MONOGRAPH ON URTICA DIOICA L. AND URTICA URENS L., HERBA, European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 7 September 2007

ISIRGAN OTU İLE İLGİLİ LİTERATÜR SONUÇLARI:
Anti-Allergy Actions:
Helms, S., et al. "Natural treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis." Altern. Med. Rev. 2006 Sept; 11(3): 196-207.
Thornhill, S. M., et al. “Natural treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.” Altern. Med. Rev . 2000; 5(5): 448-54.
Galelli, A., et al. “ Urtica dioica agglutinin. A superantigenic lectin from stinging nettle rhizome.” J. Immunol. 1993; 151(4): 1821-31.
Mittman, P. “Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.” Planta Med. 1990; 56(1): 44-7.

Hormonal Modulation & Actions on the Prostate:
Lopatkin, N. A., et al. "Combined extract of Sabal palm and nettle in the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in double blind, placebo-controlled trial." Urologiia. 2006 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 14-9.
Safarinejad, M. R., " Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study." J. Herb Pharmacother. 2005; 5(4): 1-11.
Popa, G., et al. “Efficacy of a combined Sabal-urtica preparation in the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study.” MMW Fortschr. Med . 2005 Oct; 147 Suppl 3:103-8.
Lopatkin, N., et al. “Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms--a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial.” World J. Urol . 2005 Jun; 23(2): 139-46.
Walther, C., et al. "Benign prostatic syndrome. Urinary urgency and micturition frequency reduced with plant preparation." MMW Fortschr. Med. 2005 Oct; 147(40): 52-3.
Popa, G., et al. “Benign prostate syndrome: urinary tract symptoms can be eased with phytotherapy.” MMW Fortschr. Med . 2005 Aug; 147(33-34):42.
Schneider, T., et al. “Stinging nettle root extract (Bazoton-uno) in long term treatment of benign prostatic syndrome (BPS). Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled multicenter study after 12 months” Urologe A . 2004 Mar;43(3):302-6.
Durak I, et al. “Aqueous extract of Urtica dioica makes significant inhibition on adenosine deaminase activity in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer.” Cancer Biol. Ther. 2004; 3(9): 855-7.
Carson, C., et al. “The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia.” Urology. 2003; 61(4 Suppl 1): 2-7.
Melo, E. A., et al. “Evaluating the efficiency of a combination of Pygeum africanum and stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ) extracts in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial.” Int. Braz. J. Urol . 2002 Sep-Oct; 28(5): 418-25.
Koch, E. “Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto ( Sabal serrulata ) and roots of stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tracts symptoms.” Planta Med. 2001; 67: 489-500.
Sokeland, J. “Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome.” B. J. U. Int. 2000; 86(4): 439-42.
Schottner, M., et al. “Lignans from the roots of Urtica dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).” Planta Med. 1997; 63(6): 529-32.
Lichius, J. J., et al. “The inhibiting effects of Urtica dioica root extracts on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse.” Planta Med. 1997; 63(4): 307-10.
Hryb, D. J., et al. “The effect of extracts of the roots of the stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ) on the interaction of SHBG with its receptor on human prostatic membranes.” Planta Med. 1995; 61(1): 31-2.
Koch E. and A. Biber. "Pharmacological effects of saw palmetto and urtica extracts for benign prostatic hyperplasia." Urologe 1994; 34(2): 90-95.
Krzeski, T., et al. “Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses.” Clin. Ther . 1993; 15(6): 1011-20.

Immune Modulation Actions:
Harput, U.S., et al. “Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and inhibition of nitric oxide production by aqueous Urtica dioica extract.” Phytother. Res . 2005; 19(4): 346-8.
Akbay, P., et al. “ In vitro immunomodulatory activity of flavonoid glycosides from Urtica dioica L." Phytother. Res. 2003; 17(1): 34-7.
Teucher, T., et al. “Cytokine secretion in whole blood of healthy subjects following oral administration of Urtica dioica L. plant extract.” Arzneimittelforschung. 1996; 46(9): 906-10.
Wagner, H., et al. “Biologically active compounds from the aqueous extract of Urtica dioica .” Planta Med. 1989; 55(5): 452-4.
Le Moal, M. A., et al. “ Urtica dioica agglutinin, a new mitogen for murine T lymphocytes: unaltered interleukin-1 production but late interleukin 2-mediated proliferation.” Cell Immunol. 1988; 115(1): 24-35.

Anti-inflammatory & Pain-relieving Actions:
Konrad, A., et al. “Ameliorative effect of IDS 30, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on chronic colitis.” Int. J. Colorectal Dis . 2005; 20(1): 9-17.
Gulcin, I., et al. “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle ( Urtica dioica L.).” J. Ethnopharmacol . 2004; 90(2-3): 205-15.
Schulze-Tanzil, G., et al. “Effects of the antirheumatic remedy hox alpha–a new stinging nettle leaf extract–on matrix metalloproteinases in human chondrocytes in vitro .” Histol. Histopathol . 2002; 17(2): 477-85.
Randall, C., et al. “Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain.” J. R. Soc. Med. 2000; 93(6): 305-9.
Obertreis, B., et al. ‘Anti-inflammatory effect of Urtica dioica folia extract in comparison to caffeic malic acid.” Arzneimittelforschung 1996; 46(1): 52-6.
Riehemann, K., et al. “Plant extracts from stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB.” FEBS Lett. 1999; 442(1): 89-94.

Hypoglycemic, Anti-diabetic & Anti-cholesterol Actions:
Otoom, S. A., et al. "The use of medicinal herbs by diabetic Jordanian patients." J. Herb. Pharmacother. 2006; 6(2): 31-41.
Rau, O., et al. "Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor." Pharmazie. 2006; 61(11): 952-6.
Avci, G., et al. "Antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine." J. Ethnopharmacol . 2006 Oct; 107(3): 418-23.
Daher, C. F., et al. "Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats." Fitoterapia. 2006 Apr; 77(3): 183-8.
Onal, S., et al. “Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs.” Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol . 2005; 35(1):29-36.
Bnouham, M., et al. “Antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of Urtica dioica .” Fitoterapia . 2003 Dec; 74(7-8): 677-8
Farzami, B., et al. “Induction of insulin secretion by a component of Urtica dioica leave extract in perifused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Nov;89(1):47-53.

Hypotensive & Cardiovascular Actions:
El Haouari, M., et al. "Inhibition of rat platelet aggregation by Urtica dioica leaves extracts." Phytother. Res. 2006; 20(7): 568-72.
Legssyer, A., et al. “Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. in the isolated rat heart and aorta.” Phytother. Res . 2002; 16(6): 503-7.
Testai, L., et al. “Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) roots extracts: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 81(1): 105-9.
Tahri, A., et al. “Acute diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects of a continuous perfusion of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica in the rat.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73(1-2): 95-100.
Brocano, F. J., et al. “Etude de l'effet sure le centre cardiovasulaire de quelques prepartions de l'Urtica diocia L.” Planta Med. 1983; 17: 222-9.

Liver Protective Actions:
Kanter, M., et al. “Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L and Urtica dioica L on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.” World J. Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov; 11(42): 6684-8.
Turkdogan, M.K., et al. “The role of Urtica dioica and Nigella sativa in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.” Phytother. Res . 2003 Sep; 17(8): 942-6.

Antioxidant Actions:
Gullcin, I., et al. “Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) and inhibitory effects of some chemicals on enzyme activity.” J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem . 2005 Jun; 20(3): 297-302.
Cetinus, E., et al. “The role of Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) in the prevention of oxidative stress caused by tourniquet application in rats.” Tohoku. J. Exp. Med. 2005; 205(3): 215-21.
Toldy, A., et al. “The effect of exercise and nettle supplementation on oxidative stress markers in the rat brain.” Brain Res. Bull. 2005 May; 65(6): 487-93.
Gulcin, I., et al. “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.).” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90(2-3): 205-15.
Kanter, M., et al. “Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats.” J. Vet. Med. A. Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. 2003 Jun; 50(5): 264-8.
Ozen, T., et al. “Modulatory effect of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) leaf extract on biotransformation enzyme systems, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in mice.” Phytomedicine. 2003; 10(5): 405-15.

Cytotoxic & Anticancerous Actions:
Gozum, S., et al. “Complementary alternative treatments used by patients with cancer in eastern Turkey.” Cancer Nurs. 2003 Jun; 26(3): 230-6.
Konrad, L., et al. “Antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells by a stinging nettle root ( Urtica dioica ) extract.” Planta Med. 2000; 66(1): 44-7.

Antimicrobial Actions:
Balzarini, J., et al. "Carbohydrate-binding agents efficiently prevent dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-directed HIV-1 transmission to T lymphocytes." Mol. Pharmacol. 2007; 71(1):3-11.
Balzarini, J., et al. "Carbohydrate-binding agents cause deletions of highly conserved glycosylation sites in HIV GP120: a new therapeutic concept to hit the achilles heel of HIV." J. Biol. Chem. 2005 Dec; 280(49): 41005-14.
Turville, S. G., et al. ”Sugar-binding proteins potently inhibit dendritic cell human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and dendritic-cell-directed HIV-1 transfer. J. Virol . 2005 Nov; 79(21): 13519-27.
Uncini Manganelli, R. E., et al. “Antiviral activity in vitro of Urtica dioica L., Parietaria diffusa M. and Sambucus nigra L.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr; 98(3): 323-7.
Gul, N., et al. “Inhibition of the protease activity of the light chain of type A botulinum neurotoxin by aqueous extract from stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ) leaf.” Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2004 Nov;95(5):215-9.
Gulcin, I., et al. “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle ( Urtica dioica L.).” J. Ethnopharmacol . 2004; 90(2-3): 205-15.
De Clercq, E. “Current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.“ Med. Res. Rev. 2000; 20(5): 323-49.
Balzarini, J., et al. “The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n- specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro ." Antiviral Res . 1992; 18(2): 191-207.